GNU plus Linux
I’d just like to interject for a moment. What you’re refering to as Linux, is in fact, GNU/Linux, or as I’ve recently taken to calling it, GNU plus Linux. Linux is not an operating system unto itself, but rather another free component of a fully functioning GNU system made useful by the GNU corelibs, shell utilities and vital system components comprising a full OS as defined by POSIX.
Many computer users run a modified version of the GNU system every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU which is widely used today is often called Linux, and many of its users are not aware that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the GNU Project.
There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just a part of the system they use. Linux is the kernel: the program in the system that allocates the machine’s resources to the other programs that you run. The kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself; it can only function in the context of a complete operating system. Linux is normally used in combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux. All the so-called Linux distributions are really distributions of GNU/Linux!
Distributions:
Debian
Debian is a Linux distribution composed completely of free and open-source software.
“The Ace of a Base Linux Distribution”
https://www.debian.org/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian
Debian is one of the oldest and most popular operating systems based on the Linux kernel. Most users appreciate the stability, and the smooth upgrade processes of both packages and the entire distribution. Debian is also widely used by software and hardware developers because it runs on numerous architectures and devices, offers a public bug tracker and other tools for developers.
https://www.debian.org/intro/why_debian
https://wiki.debian.org/FrontPage
Ubuntu
Ubuntu is a Linux distribution composed mostly of free and open-source software.
“humanity to others” – “I am what I am because of who we all are”
https://ubuntu.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu
Ubuntu is built on Debian‘s architecture and infrastructure, and comprises Linux server, desktop, and Core (cloud and IoT) variants of operating system versions. The desktop version also comes in multiple flavors for different applications.
https://ubuntu.com/desktop/flavours
https://ubuntuforums.org/
Kali Linux
Kali Linux is the most advanced Penetration Testing Linux Distribution
“the quieter you become, the more you are able to hear”
https://www.kali.org/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Linux
Kali Linux is an open-source, Debian-based Linux distribution geared towards various information security tasks, such as Penetration Testing, Security Research, Computer Forensics and Reverse Engineering.
Kali Linux on the Microsoft Store
https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9PKR34TNCV07
The Kali for Windows application allows one to install and run the Kali Linux open-source penetration testing distribution natively, from the Windows 10 OS.
Linux Lite
Linux Lite offers a simple and intuitive desktop experience.
“the gateway operating system, no TPM required”
https://www.linuxliteos.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Lite
Linux Lite is an open-source, Debian and Ubuntu based Linux distribution geared towards Linux Beginners and Windows Users.